Gout is a disease of rheumatic etiology caused by the deposition of uric acid salts in the joints. The clinical manifestations of the disease are pain, deformation of the affected joint, dysfunction and formation of characteristic nodules (tophus).
Without treatment, the disease progresses over time, and salt deposits in the form of microcrystals begin to accumulate in the internal organs. The kidneys are most often affected, which leads to the development of pyelonephritis, kidney failure and other complications. The diagnosis is based on the symptoms and is confirmed by a puncture of the affected joint and an X-ray. Treatment includes pharmacotherapy, special diet and physical therapy.
Basic principles of nutrition
An approximate menu is drawn up by the doctor, individually for each patient, taking into account the form and severity of the disease, the presence of accompanying pathologies, the age of the patient and the characteristics of his body.
The goal of the diet is to minimize the level of uric acid in the body, which leads to the improvement of the patient's general condition and the quality of his life. Food products should not contain purines, which after entering the body turn into uric acid.
It is recommended that you include more fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet. The recipes are quite simple, the main thing is to prepare them correctly and not to use ingredients from the list of prohibited foods.
Therapeutic nutrition helps the patient at home to quickly improve general well-being, relieve unpleasant symptoms, and even prolong the period of remission. Deviation from the diet, consumption of spicy and fatty foods, alcohol (especially wine and beer), coffee, quickly increase the level of uric acid in the body, which leads to a new attack of the disease. Therefore, you must constantly monitor the diet. Proper nutrition during periods of remission, and especially exacerbations, will help to avoid the development of a number of serious complications.
The patient should always have a table of permitted foods in front of his eyes, as well as recipes for preparing various dishes. This will help in creating an optimal menu based on the individual food preferences of each patient and taking into account the characteristics of his body.
It is important not only to use the right products, but also to follow a certain diet. Food should be eaten often, but in small portions (fractional meals). Fasting and overeating are unacceptable, as this can cause an attack of the disease. If you are overweight, you need to get rid of it. But it should be done gradually; Sudden weight loss can have a negative effect on health, especially if the patient is no longer young.
Do not forget about the drinking regime. You must drink at least one and a half liters of fluid per day (up to three liters during periods of exacerbation). In addition to water, compotes, mineral water, weak tea, fruit drinks, rosehip decoction are allowed for consumption. It is better to drink not during meals, but between meals.
Prohibited products
You have to follow the diet all your life, not just during exacerbations. The diet should be as balanced as possible. Dairy products and vegetables are allowed. It is important that you drink enough fluids, because in this way the removal of excess uric acid from the body is accelerated.
With the help of a diet, you can not only relieve the symptoms of the disease and reduce the frequency of exacerbations, but also normalize the weight, reducing the load on the affected joints. The main rule is to exclude foods rich in purines from the diet.
This includes:
- cakes and pastries;
- canned food;
- legumes;
- baking;
- offal;
- meat products (sausages, hot dogs, etc. );
- fatty fish;
- chocolate;
- spicy, salty, smoked, sour food;
- fast food;
- mushrooms;
- any alcohol, especially wine and beer;
- cocoa, strong black tea, coffee.
If metabolic disorders occur against the background of diabetes or atherosclerosis, then it is necessary to carefully monitor the total calorie content in food, the amount of fatty food, the level of cholesterol and sugar.
Authorized products
The diet for gout is based on the principles of healthy eating, so it is not difficult to follow. The main thing is to get used to the changes in diet. Then everything will be easier. Forbidden foods should be completely excluded.
Allowed products include:
- dietary meat (rabbit, chicken, turkey);
- eggs (small quantities);
- fermented milk products;
- vegetable oils (linseed and olive oil are the best);
- sea food;
- pasta, cereals;
- varieties of fish with a low fat content;
- fresh fruits and vegetables that are not on the list of prohibited foods;
- marmalade, lozenges, marshmallows;
- candies without chocolate;
- Dried fruits (except raisins);
- med.
It is necessary to clearly understand that you will have to eat according to the above recommendations for the rest of your life. Violation of diet and consumption of forbidden food quickly causes the disease to worsen.
Diet for gout: one hundred no. 6
Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely cure the disease, especially if its course is complicated by diabetes or obesity. However, adhering to diet no. 6, you can quickly relieve exacerbations and reduce the frequency of disease recurrence.
Nutritional characteristics of this diet:
- It is necessary to completely exclude foods rich in purines and oxalic acid salts from the menu;
- it is necessary to limit the consumption of salt, in particularly severe cases this product is completely excluded from the diet;
- there must be milk, vegetables and other alkalizing foods on the table;
- if there are no contraindications (kidney diseases, heart diseases and a number of others), then you need to significantly increase the amount of liquid consumed, which promotes the rapid removal of uric acid salts from the body;
- it is necessary to reduce the amount of refractory fats and animal proteins;
- if the patient is obese, then you need to reduce the amount of carbohydrates in the diet.
The classic standard menu is signed by the attending physician. There may be several feeding options. Food should be prepared as usual, food should be at normal temperature. It is recommended to cook fish and meat. Meat and mushroom broth must be drained, as they contain a large amount of purines.
By following such a diet, nutrition is normalized, purine metabolism in the body gradually stabilizes, and the amount of uric acid salts decreases. In addition, the patient gets rid of obesity over time, which also has a positive effect on health and improves the quality of life. The pain in the joints disappears, the inflammation decreases, which reduces the likelihood of recurrence of the disease in the future.
Important!There is no need to self-medicate. Child development should be done by a specialist. Diet no. 6, despite its effectiveness, may not be suitable for all patients. Much depends on the age of the patient, the course of the disease and the presence of accompanying pathologies. For example, if a person, in addition to gout, is obese, then he may be prescribed diet no. 8, which foresees more serious restrictions.
Diet for gout in men and women during an exacerbation
In case of worsening of this pathology, it is necessary to follow diet no. 6 for at least two weeks. Preference should be given to liquid food. It is necessary to limit the consumption of fatty meat, fish and poultry as much as possible.
The menu is based on liquid porridges, vegetable soups and fermented milk products. Meals are fractional. Long breaks between meals, overeating or fasting increase the likelihood of developing an attack of the disease. You can drink compotes, jelly, mineral water, juices, weak tea.
Drinking regime
How much and what kind of water to drink if you have gout? The total amount of liquid should be at least 2 liters per day.
If the patient has a complication in the form of urolithiasis, it is recommended to drink alkalizing mineral water or water with the addition of potassium bicarbonate. You can increase the alkaline balance with the help of citrus fruits, as well as by introducing a large amount of vegetable proteins into the diet, with the exception of animal proteins.
Alcohol consumption is often one of the main causes of illness. Therefore, you should completely avoid alcoholic beverages. Even dry red wine is prohibited for gout, which can be drunk in small doses for other diseases. Sometimes it is enough to drink just a few sips of alcohol to cause another attack of the disease. Cocoa, coffee and strong black tea are also completely forbidden.
In addition to cleansing the body of toxins, drinking plenty of fluids improves kidney function and promotes the dissolution of uric acid crystals and their elimination. This makes it possible not only to improve the patient's health and well-being, but also to reduce the dose of certain drugs.
Sample menu for the week
Monday
- For breakfast, you can cook an omelet, baked or steamed, eat 150 grams of vegetable salad and a couple of slices of bread.
- For lunch, you can cook vegetable soup, eat a little fatty boiled or steamed fish.
- For dinner, prepare vegetable stew with eggplant and zucchini, and you can also eat a piece of bread.
Tuesday
- For breakfast, prepare oatmeal with dry or fresh fruit.
- For lunch, pilaf with lean chicken fillet without frying.
- For dinner, make vegetable stew with potatoes and low-fat cheese, which is baked in the oven. You can also eat a piece of bread.
Wednesday
- Breakfast: egg white omelette, zrazy with carrots and fruit, weak tea with milk.
- Lunch: thin rice soup, cauliflower stewed in milk, dried fruit compote.
- Dinner: pasta with sugar and cottage cheese, gazpacho, kefir.
Thursday
- For breakfast, they prepare fresh cheese salad with cucumbers, green onions and unsalted cheese, drizzled with nut butter. You can eat a piece of bread. Wash everything with rosehip broth.
- For lunch, you can cook fish soup, make a salad of beets and sour cream, eat 2 potatoes and drink compote.
- For dinner, they eat rice porridge with milk. As a drink, chicory with milk.
Friday
- Breakfast: cheesecakes in the oven or fresh cheese with sour cream, fruit.
- Lunch: vegetable sauce, durum wheat pasta, with seafood.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge with lean fish, baked in the oven.
Saturday
- For breakfast, they cook wheat porridge on water and eat dried fruit.
- Vegetable soup is prepared for lunch. You can also eat a piece of bread, some pumpkin seeds.
- For dinner, vegetable stew, boiled egg, seafood.
Sunday
- Breakfast: natural yogurt, sandwiches with cheese, weakly brewed tea.
- Lunch: soup with vegetables and barley, potato cutlets with sour cream.
- Dinner: a piece of lean cooked pork, salad with fresh vegetables, buckwheat porridge.